Association between Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents and Daily Consumption of Soft Drinks: a Brazilian National Study

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular risk in adolescence is a public health problem that has grown along with the increase in soft drink consumption. Objective: To investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and daily consumption of soft drinks in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, national, school-based study of 36,956 Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Daily soft drink consumption was estimated using a 24-hour dietary recall. Cardiovascular risk was categorized as overweight, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The survey command of Stata 14.0® was used to analyze data from a complex sample. The chi-square test was used to assess differences in soft drink consumption and other variables in the descriptive analysis. The odds ratio of cardiovascular risk factors and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated, considering sociodemographic and behavioral variables in the Mantel-Haenszel model. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Daily consumption of soft drinks was common among adolescents. A daily serving ≥ 450 mL was significantly associated with overweight and hypertension. Results associated with the consumption of regular soft drinks show the possibility of reverse causality. Consumption of diet soft drinks in adolescence should be considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Conclusion: Daily consumption of soft drinks can be understood as a relevant risk factor in the epidemiological scenario. Improper eating habits are multifactorial in nature and need to be better understood in the context of adolescent health and further explored in national surveys.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of burnout syndrome in frontline physicians: prevalence and associated factors

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BS) in physicians working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paraíba and to investigate the association between BS and the sociodemographic and labor variables of these professionals. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including physicians who were active during the pandemic in Paraíba, whether they were on the front line (group 1) or not (group 2). Sociodemographic and labor variables were collected, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: A total of 126 physicians were included, including 82 who were on the front line. Among the professionals with results compatible with BS, 85.5% were in group 1, compared with 14.5% in group 2, and this difference was statistically significant. At the 5% level, the variables associated with BS were age (24-33 years), not having children, working on the front line, working in the COVID-19 ICU, being on duty, and having contracted COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This case series found a positive association between the development of BS and medical action on the front line of the COVID-19 pandemic in Paraíba.

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes de serviços ambulatoriais de clínica médica / Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients of medical ambulatory services

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes de ambulatórios de clínica médica no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, em 2018. Métodos Aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico e da escala de depressão de Hamilton em um período de dois meses; 101 pacientes foram devidamente entrevistados. Resultados Observou-se que 61,4% da amostra classifica-se entre ligeiramente e gravemente deprimida, sendo 78% dos pacientes da reumatologia, 63% da cardiologia e 48% da endocrinologia. Dos pacientes abordados, 34,6% praticam atividade física pelo menos três vezes por semana, 53,5% fazem ou já fizeram uso de medicação para dormir, 25,7% já fizeram tratamento psiquiátrico e 4,9% o fazem atualmente, em contrapartida 29,7% fazem uso de algum psicotrópico. Dos psicotrópicos, o mais utilizado foi o diazepam (16,7%). Verificaram-se as seguintes associações: pacientes ligeiramente a gravemente deprimidos não praticavam atividades físicas, já faziam tratamento de saúde e tinham histórico de tratamento psiquiátrico; a reumatologia apresentou mais pacientes com algum grau de depressão. Dos 27 que disseram ter sono ruim, 78% usavam medicamento para dormir e 63%, psicotrópicos; 60% não praticavam atividade física e 81% eram ligeiramente a gravemente deprimidos. Sintomas somáticos foram os mais relatados na escala de Hamilton. Conclusão Existe alta prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes dos ambulatórios de clínica médica, com destaque para as doenças cardiovasculares, endocrinológicas e reumatológicas. Percebe-se que houve grande destaque para os sintomas somáticos, o que pode explicar a grande quantidade de entrevistados que não são acompanhados por psiquiatra e tratados apenas com sintomáticos.

ABSTRACT Objective Estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in ambulatory of medical clinics at Lauro Wanderley University Hospital in 2018. Methods Application of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in a 2-month period, where 101 patients were interviewed. Results It was observed that 61.4% of the sample is classified as mildly and severely depressed, with 78% of rheumatology patients, 63% of cardiology and 48% of endocrinology. Of the patients treated 34.6% practice physical activity at least three times a week, 53.5% use or had used sleeping medication, 25.7% have psychiatric treatment and 4.9% currently do, in contrast 29.7% use some psychotropic. Of the psychotropics, the most used was Diazepam (16.7%). The following associations were found: slightly depressed patients did not practice physical activities, were already receiving health treatment and had a history of psychiatric treatment; rheumatology showed more patients with some degree of depression. Of the 27 who reported poor sleep, 78% used sleeping medication and 63% psychotropic, 60% did not practice physical activity and 81% were slightly depressed. Somatic symptoms were the most reported on the Hamilton scale. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients of medical ambulatory services, especially cardiovascular, endocrinological and rheumatologic diseases. It is noticed that there was a great emphasis on somatic symptoms, which may explain the large number of respondents who are not accompanied by psychiatrist and treated only with symptomatic.